Quantum Internet promises next-generation ultra-secure communications, but is it actually possible on a global scale?
Absolutely, after a new experiment between satellites in orbit and a station on the ground. The team of scientists successfully exchanged several carefully managed photons. These photons traveled in infrared light pulses. They were passed between Russian GLONASS Satellites and the Space Geodesy Center on the ground of the Italian Space Agency.
Running these signals through about 20,000 kilometers of air and space without interruption or data loss is not easy. However, there are signs that such a global network actually works.
“Space quantum communication (QC) is a promising way to guarantee unconditional safety for satellite-to-ground and satellite-to-satellite optical communications. This is accomplished using quantum information protocols. These include quantum key distribution (QKD),” says one of the researchers, Giuseppe Vallone of the University from Padua in Italy.
The quantum key distribution or QKD method mentioned by Vallone refers to data that has been encrypted using quantum mechanics. The delicate nature of the technology allows for quick detection of interference. This ensures that QKD communication can’t be intercepted.
Indeed, hacking into a quantum mechanics message would cause it to self-destruct. Theoretically so good, but it has proven difficult to keep these secure channels open over long distances.
The key to successful data exchange was the use of passive retroreflectors mounted on the satellite. These retroreflectors kept the high beam signals intact. This exceeded the earlier record distance for this type of quantum communication by another 15,000 kilometers (9,321 miles).
Satellites, like the GLONASS satellites higher in orbit, are more difficult to communicate with reliably. Nevertheless, they are becoming more visible at ground level. This visibility allows for an inextricable quantum network that can span the globe.
We’re just starting on this technology. This is because scientists are still trying to figure out if it can actually work. Right now, it’s not clear what a quantum internet is being used for. We also don’t know what it is like.
This can become a specialized extension of the normal Internet. It would be very secure and used by a small group of apps and devices. We now know that quantum communication between the ground and elevated satellites is possible. This expands the potential reach of the new technology. This is important as the satellite networks we rely on are constantly evolving and upgrading.
“Satellite-based technologies allow a broad spectrum of applications. These include civil, scientific, and military uses, like communications, navigation and timing, remote sensing, and meteorology. They also extend to reconnaissance, search and rescue, space exploration, and astronomy,” says Vallone.
The core of these systems is the secure transmission of information from orbiting satellites. Data is then sent to Earth’s ground stations. Protecting this information from a malicious enemy is crucial for both military and civilian operations.
Reference- Quantum Science and Technology Inter-nation Journal, May 2018.
Amazing Concept.