The Big Bang Theory is the outcome of thousands of brilliant minds. They have been brought together in astronomy and cosmology. These experts work cautiously to explore the origin of our universe.
Let’s move back in time. 13.82 billion years ago, what was there?
A point of singularity was extraordinarily small and hot. No laws of physics applied there. Time did not exist. All four fundamental forces existed, forming a unified force called super force. Suddenly, it exploded for no reason.
”Something came from nothing”.
In less than one second, gravity split off from the super force. Three minutes later, the temperature dropped to 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit. This was an appropriate temperature for the formation of atoms to take place. Lighter elements, including hydrogen, came into existence.
After 380,000 years, light traveled through the darkness. 4 billion years later, stars started shaping due to the presence of heavier elements like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon etc. At the age of 13.7 billion years, the sky filled with stars and galaxies.
Herman Bondi, Thomas Gold, Fred Hoyle, including Einstein proposed a steady-state model of the universe, i.e universe is static, having no beginning and no end. This process of creation and destruction is infinite. This idea challenged the Big Bang theory. Nevertheless, it was prohibited when Edwin Hubble in the 1920s concluded that most of the galaxies are red shifted, i.e., moving away from us.
In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson built a radio receiver. It accidentally recorded the echo or aftershock noise of the big bang. The noise was coming from everywhere and every corner of the universe. This was experimentally proved by NASA’s Wilkison microwave Anisotropy probe on 3 June 2001.
In February 2003, the Cosmic microwave background provided a baby picture of our universe. Some of the major anomalies with the Big Bang theory were the unanswerable questions:
1) Is there something out of our universe?
2) What happened at the point of singularity?
3) What’s the exact shape of our universe?
4) How is space stretching itself faster than the speed of light?
5) What was the reason behind THE big bang explosion?
Many alternate theories exist claiming answer to these questions but none of them is experimentally verified.In 1980’s Alan Guth came up with the hypothesis of cosmic inflation i.e expanding universe which is now accepted as part of big bang theory.
Reference- Astrogirl and https://www.iiap.res.in/
